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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE

These tabletop exercises are intended to provide an opportunity for communities to test their ability to respond to hazardous materials (HazMat) incidents. The exercises provide the opportunity to identify the response and coordination issues that could arise during a variety of hazardous materials scenarios and make the decisions to resolve those issues.

This Manual includes the exercise instructions, objectives, and other exercise materials for three hazardous materials exercises:

Exercise 1, Fixed Facility in a rural area, describes an accident involving chlorine in a water treatment plant.

Exercise 2, Highway Accident, is set in a suburban area. The exercise describes an acetone release resulting from a highway incident.

Exercise 3, Rail Accident, is set in an urban area, and involves the release of chlorine from a rail accident.

The exercises simplify and sequence the events during a period of time that, in reality, would be characterized by a series of complex issues occurring nearly simultaneously. All incidents are presented as unfolding events with the initial incident scenarios introducing the emergency and new information being introduced by means of injected messages throughout the exercises.

The scenarios and injects presented in this exercise are not intended to reflect a jurisdiction’s political context, but the participants should consider how political issues might influence their actions and decisions.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

The goals of these exercises are to:

Validate coordination and communications capabilities for HazMat incidents. Verify policies and procedures for responding to hazardous materials incidents. Identify the overall strengths and weaknesses of hazardous materials plans.

At the end of this exercise, the participants should be able to:

Demonstrate the ability to direct, coordinate, and control emergency activities using the Incident Command System (ICS).

Demonstrate the ability to alert, mobilize, and activate personnel for emergency response and maintain operations until the situation is brought under control.

Demonstrate the ability to mobilize, track, and demobilize equipment, people, and other resources in support of emergency operations.

Develop and maintain coordinated action plans to accomplish operational objectives. Identify and implement appropriate actions to protect emergency workers and the public. Coordinate and disseminate timely and accurate information to the media and the public.

EXERCISE PARTICIPANTS

The target audience for these exercises is first responders to hazardous materials incidents. Other personnel may be required based on State law and/or local requirements.

EXERCISE MATERIALS

This Manual includes all of the information that the Exercise Controller will need to schedule, set up, and facilitate the exercises. The Manual includes:

The overall purpose and scope of the exercises.

A description of the pre-exercise activities required to prepare for the exercises. Instructions for conducting the exercises.

Instructions for debriefing the exercises.

The three exercises and supplemental materials. Exercise evaluation worksheets.

Copies of the exercise scenarios and messages to distribute to the exercise participants.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE MATERIALS (CONTINUED)

Each exercise section of the Manual includes:

An exercise introduction.

Background information on the exercise scenario, including a written description of the scenario and maps.

The exercise scenario, all required injects, and a description of the expected participant response.

Supplemental information that the participants may request to help them make decisions during the exercise (e.g., Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)).

Copies of the evaluation worksheets.

EXERCISE ASSUMPTIONS

These exercises are based on the following assumptions:

1.Jurisdictions have an up-to-date Hazardous Materials Annex (or a Hazardous Materials Plan that conforms to the requirements of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III; and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA); and the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)).

CERCLA information can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/action/law/cercla.htm.

EPCRA information can be found at: http://es.epa.gov/techinfo/facts/pro-act6.html.

2.Exercise participants whose responsibility it is to manage hazardous materials responses are knowledgeable of Department of Transportation (DOT) placarding and labeling requirements and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 Diamond.

DOT placarding and labeling requirements can be found at: www.dot.gov.

NFPA 704 Diamond information can be found at: www.nfpa.org.

3.Exercise participants whose responsibility it is to manage hazardous materials responses are familiar with and able to use the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).

4.Exercise participants must be trained to the appropriate level in ICS and hazardous materials response as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the NFPA.

5.The Controller must have specialized knowledge in HazMat and HazMat response.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE ASSUMPTIONS (CONTINUED)

6.Exercise participants whose responsibility it is to manage HazMat responses are familiar with the ICS and the requirements of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and OSHA regulations, 29 CFR Part 1910.120 to implement ICS on all domestic responses. This information can be found at the following Web addresses:

ICS courses: http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/crslist.asp.

NIMS documents: http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/index.shtm.

29 CFR Part 1910: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/29cfr1910_03.html

Note that the participants should assume the resources for these exercises are those that are typically available for HazMat incidents.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

PRE-EXERCISE ACTIVITIES

The Controller (or other exercise coordinator) must complete several pre-exercise activities to ensure that the exercises run as smoothly as possible. These activities involve:

Establishing a date for the exercise. Select a date far enough in advance of the exercise to allow the participants enough time to arrange their schedules. Allow at least 1 month’s lead time between the time the participants are notified and the scheduled exercise date.

Arrange for a meeting room. Reserve an exercise room that is large enough to accommodate all exercise participants comfortably. (Refer to each exercise for a list of recommended participants.)

Invite the participants. After setting a date and ensuring that a room is available, prepare a written invitation to all potential exercise participants. The invitation should include:

The date and location of the exercise. Starting and ending times. Directions to the site, if necessary.

Guidance about what to bring to the exercise (e.g., the jurisdiction’s Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), the ERG, agency policies and/or procedures, etc.)

A telephone number and/or e-mail address in case the potential participants have questions.

The invitation should also include a request that the participants reply stating whether they will attend the exercise and, if not, who will represent their agencies.

REVIEWING THE EXERCISE MATERIALS

Before conducting any exercise, be sure to review the exercise background information, the timeframes for conducting the exercise, and all other exercise materials thoroughly. To make the exercise more realistic, feel free to tailor the exercise description, maps, and other materials to the jurisdiction.

Supplemental exercise materials are included. These materials include information such as MSDSs, the train consist for the rail accident, and a bill of lading for the truck transportation incident. Be sure to make at least one copy of all supplemental materials for the selected exercise so that they can be provided to the participants, if requested. Encourage the participants to ask questions and request supplemental information throughout the exercise.

Because the Controller is critical to exercise success, he or she should also review and become familiar with the jurisdiction’s Hazardous Materials Annex or Plan as well as local policies and procedures required for a HazMat response.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

ROOM SETUP

On the day of the exercise, plan to arrive at least 1 hour before the exercise is scheduled to begin. Ensure that the room is set up so that the participants can see and speak to each other and review the exercise materials, the jurisdiction’s EOP, policies, procedures, and other documentation. If possible, set up the tables in the center of the room to allow the Evaluator(s) and Controller to pass on all sides of the tables. The Controller needs to observe responses and general progression of the exercise in order to ensure goals and objectives are met. The Evaluator(s) needs to assess the actions taken and document the appropriateness of these actions. Also, all participants should be seated so that they have an unobstructed view of the Controller who is providing verbal interjections to guide the play. The suggested room setup for a single group is shown below.

If more than one jurisdiction is participating in the tabletop at the same time, set up the room so that all groups can work without noise or other interference from the other groups.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

CONDUCTING THE EXERCISES

All exercises are designed to be presented as traditional tabletop exercises, with the Exercise Controller presenting the exercise scenario, then presenting prescripted messages to generate problems throughout the course of the exercise. The scenarios allow the Controller the flexibility to adapt the exercises to the skill levels of the participants.

Follow the steps below to conduct the exercises.

1.Begin each exercise by providing the “rules of play” to the participants. (See each exercise for the rules of play.) Answer any questions that the participants have about the rules of play before continuing.

2.Establish the context for the exercise by distributing the exercise scenario and reading it and the background information to the participants.

3.After providing the scenario, allow the participants time to review it individually and as a group. (Suggested timeframes are provided with each exercise.)

4.At designated intervals throughout the exercise, provide the specified message, either orally or in writing, to the participants. Participant versions of the messages are included in the Appendix that follows each exercise. After receiving each message, the participants should consider the information presented individually and as a group. Note that the participants may receive multiple messages simultaneously and must work together to prioritize and resolve the issues.

5.At the end of the allotted exercise timeframe, the Exercise Controller should, with the assistance of the Evaluator, debrief the group. Debriefing instructions are included in this Manual.

The Controller’s primary responsibility is to facilitate the exercise, keep the exercise on track, and answer questions intended to clarify information contained in the scenario or message. The Controller is also responsible for maintaining the official exercise clock. If necessary, the Controller can direct corrective actions and make decisions regarding any significant deviations in the scenario caused by unexpected developments in the course of the exercise. The Controller should not lead the exercise discussion.

The success of these exercises depends on the involvement of all participants. Tell the participants that they should not leave the room during an exercise unless absolutely necessary, and ask all to ensure that their cell phones and pagers are turned off or set to vibrate.

Each exercise is designed to be completed in approximately 3 hours, but will vary depending on the number of players and situations encountered.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

DEBRIEFING THE EXERCISES

At the conclusion of the exercise, the Controller will debrief the exercise participants, with the assistance of the Exercise Evaluator(s). The purpose of the debriefing is to provide immediate feedback to the exercise participants on:

Whether the exercise objectives were met.

Areas that worked well during the exercise as well as those that require attention by way of revision to the jurisdiction’s plan, policies, or procedures; potential training needs, etc.

The debriefing should also serve to solicit feedback, suggestions, and strategies from the exercise participants.

Make the debriefing as interactive as possible. Also, get the participants’ input before providing feedback from the Evaluator. For example, ask the participants for their impressions of the exercise and what they learned by participating. Then, follow the steps below to debrief the exercise:

1.Read the exercise objective.

2.Ask the participants whether they achieved the objective. Ask for additional comments, suggestions, and strategies for lessons learned, mitigation strategies, and areas of improvement, if appropriate.

3.Ask the Evaluator to provide his or her rating of whether the objective was achieved, together with the feedback about why he or she rated the objective that way.

4.Provide constructive feedback about how to make improvements in the areas related to the objective. Be sure to keep the discussion positive.

5.Allow the participants to comment on the evaluation and your suggestions.

Repeat this procedure until all of the objectives have been covered.

Finally, distribute the Tabletop Exercise Evaluation forms. These forms are designed to collect information from all exercise participants, the Controller, and the Evaluator to gain their general impressions on and feedback from the exercise. Ask the participants to complete the form, and complete a form yourself. Be sure to collect the forms before the participants leave the exercise room. Use the feedback to improve the conduct of future exercises.

Note: Do not try to resolve every issue during the debriefing. It is more important that the participants understand and record areas where improvement is required and identify a basic strategy for making the improvements after the exercise.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND INCIDENT SCENARIO

Background Information

South Hamden Township is a rural area at the southernmost end of Landis County, New Columbia. The township includes the village of Hope Springs, which is surrounded by a golf course, schools, farmland, and the newer residential communities of Lilly, Misty Acres, and Sugar Mountain. A map of the area is provided on the following page. The township also has several significant businesses including a butter processing plant.

Hope Springs was so named because of its location atop the third largest natural aquifer in the country. Rainbow River is fed by 34 springs, which produce more than 24 million gallons of water each day. The water is used for drinking in Hope Springs and the northeastern end of the township.

The geological underlay in and around Hope Springs is primarily limestone. Because of high subsurface water levels and because the limestone base is continually eroded by water movement, the entire area is subject to sink holes.

Incident Scenario

It is 11:30 a.m. on Thursday, March 2. The temperature is a mild 68 degrees, and the wind is from the south-southwest at 5 miles per hour, both of which are unusual for this time of year. Many of the residents are outside enjoying the nice weather. Children at the Frantz Elementary School are enjoying outdoor recess time.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SOUTH HAMDEN TOWNSHIP AND THE VILLAGE OF HOPE SPRINGS

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

An MSDS for chlorine is included in the Supplemental Materials section at the end of this exercise. Do not provide them to the participants unless asked.

After allowing the participants time to consider the new information and make response decisions, ask the IC and staff to provide a briefing that includes:

1. Response strategy, tactics, and priorities.

2. Objectives, which should include public safety measures.

3. Resources requested.

4. Strategy to deal with school situation.

Ask the PIO to brief the group on the information that will be included in the media release and the EAS message.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

After allowing time for the participants to discuss the new information, ask the IC how the information has changed the response strategy and tactics.

Ask the PIO to provide a briefing that includes:

1. The situation status.

2. Additional road closures.

3. Evacuation routes.

4. Personal protective measures.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

1. How does this new information change your public information strategy?

2. Based on the scenario information and information in the ERG, what resources do you need? How will you process the request?

3. How will you handle the issue with the livestock?

Ask the PIO to provide a briefing that covers the information that will be included in the EAS message.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SECTION I - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Telephone No.:

Transportation Emergency No.:

CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300

Medical Emergency No.:

POISON CENTER: (216) 379-8562

Chemical Family: Halogen

Chemical Name/Synonyms: Chlorine

Trade Mark: None

Formula: Cl2; (Cl-Cl)

C.A.S. Registry No.: 7782-50-5

TSCA Inventory Status: All ingredients are listed on the USEPA's TSCA inventory

Canadian Domestic Substances List Status: All ingredients have been nominated or are eligible for inclusion.

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Classification: C,E

Product Use: Various Applications

SARA 313 Information: This product contains a toxic chemical or chemicals subject to the

reporting requirements of section 313 of Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 and 40 CFR part 372.

SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS

Hazard Summary Statement: WARNING! HIGHLY TOXIC. CORROSIVE. May be fatal if inhaled. Strong oxidizer. Most combustibles will burn in chlorine as they do in oxygen. Read entire Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

1

Ingredient listed on SARA Section 313 List of Toxic Chemicals.

2

Ingredient listed on the Pennsylvania Hazardous Substances List.

3

Ingredient listed on the California listing of Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity.

4

Ingredient listed on the Massachusetts Substance List.

5

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System ingredient found on the Ingredient Disclosure List - Canada.

6

Ingredient listed on the New Jersey Right to Know Hazardous Substance List.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

Notes:

TLV-TWA - Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average guideline for concentration of the chemical substance in the ambient workplace air. (The skin notation calls attention to the skin as an additional significant route of absorption of the listed chemical.) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

OSHA PEL - OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit, 8-hour TWA. 29 CFR 1910.1000, Transitional Limits column, Table Z-1-A, Table Z-2, and Table Z-3.

SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA

SECTION IV - FIRE & EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA

Flash Point: Test is not applicable to gases. Not combustible. Chlorine can support combustion and is a serious fire risk.

Flammable Limits in Air: Not Applicable

Note:

Flash Point: The lowest initial temperature of air passing around the specimen at which sufficient combustible gas is evolved to be ignited by a small external pilot flame.

Extinguishing Media: For small fires use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. For large fires use water spray, fog or foam.

Special Firefighting Procedures: Wear full face positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear full protective gear to prevent all body contact (moisture or water and chlorine can form hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids which are corrosive). Personnel not having suitable protection must leave the area to prevent exposure to toxic gases from the fire. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool (if containers are not leaking). Use water spray to direct escaping gas away from workers if it is necessary to stop the flow of gas. In enclosed or poorly ventilated areas, wear SCBA during cleanup immediately after a fire as well as during the attack phase of firefighting operations.

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Chlorine and water can be very corrosive. Corrosion of metal containers can make leaks worse. Although non-flammable, chlorine is a strong oxidizer and will support the burning of most combustible materials. Flammable gases and vapors can form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Chlorine can react violently when in contact with many materials and generate heat with possible flammable or explosive vapors. Chlorine gas is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas.

Explosive Characteristics: Containers heated by fire can explode.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SECTION V – Reactivity

Stability: Stable

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride may form from chlorine in the presence of water vapor.

CAUTION! Oxidizer. Extremely reactive.

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid): Chlorine is extremely reactive. Liquid or gaseous chlorine can react violently with many combustible materials and other chemicals, including water. Metal halides, carbon, finely divided metals and sulfides can accelerate the rate of chlorine reactions. Hydrocarbon gases, e.g., methane, acetylene, ethylene or ethane, can react explosively if initiated by sunlight or a catalyst. Liquid or solid hydrocarbons, e.g., natural or synthetic rubbers, naphtha, turpentine, gasoline, fuel gas, lubricating oils, greases or waxes, can react violently. Metals, e.g., finely powdered aluminum, brass, copper, manganese, tin, steel and iron, can react vigorously or explosively with chlorine. Nitrogen compounds, e.g., ammonia and other nitrogen compounds, can react with chlorine to form highly explosive nitrogen trichloride. Non-metals, (MSDS - Chlorine) Page 3 of 8 e.g., phosphorous, boron, activated carbon and silicon can ignite on contact with gaseous chlorine at room temperature. Certain concentrations of chlorine-hydrogen can explode by spark ignition. Chlorine is strongly corrosive to most metals in the presence of moisture. Copper may burn spontaneously. Chlorine reacts with most metals at high temperatures. Titanium will burn at ambient temperature in the presence of dry chlorine.

SECTION VI - HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Threshold Limit Value: See Section II.

Primary Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact.

Effects of Overexposure:

Acute: Low concentrations of chlorine can cause itching and burning of the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory tract. At high concentrations chlorine is a respiratory poison. Irritant effects become severe and may be accompanied by tearing of the eyes, headache, coughing, choking, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness and death. Bronchitis and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (chemical pneumonia) may occur hours after exposure to high levels. Liquid as well as vapor contact can cause irritation, burns and blisters. Ingestion can cause nausea and severe burns of the mouth, esophagus and stomach.

Chronic: Prolonged or repeated overexposure may result in many or all of the effects reported for acute exposure (including pulmonary function effects).

Emergency and First Aid Procedures:

Inhalation (of process emissions): Take proper precautions to ensure rescuer safety before attempting rescue (wear appropriate protective equipment and utilize the "buddy system"). Remove source of chlorine or move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, trained personnel should immediately begin artificial respiration or, if the heart has stopped, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Avoid mouth-to- mouth contact. Oxygen may be beneficial if administered by a person trained in its use, preferably on a physician's advice. Obtain medical attention immediately.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

Eye Contact: Immediately flush the contaminated eye(s) with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 20 minutes while the eyelid(s) are open. Take care not to rinse contaminated water into the non-affected eye. If irritation persists, obtain medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact: As quickly as possible, flush contaminated area with lukewarm, gently running water for at least 20 minutes. Under running water, remove contaminated clothing, shoes, and leather watchbands and belts. If irritation persists, obtain medical attention immediately. Completely decontaminate clothing, shoes and leather goods before re-use, or, discard.

Ingestion: Not an anticipated hazard.

SECTION VII - SPILL & LEAK PROCEDURE

Steps to be taken in case material is released or spilled: Restrict access to the area until completion of

the cleanup. Issue a warning: POISON GAS. DO NOT TOUCH SPILLED LIQUID. Do no use water on a chlorine leak (corrosion of the container can occur, increasing the leak). Shut off leak if safe to do so. Wear NIOSH/MSHA-approved, self-contained, full-face, positive pressure respirator and full protective clothing capable of protection from both liquid and gas phases. Persons without suitable respiratory and body protection must leave the area.

The following evacuation guide was developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT): Spill or leak from a smaller container or small leak from a tank - isolate in all directions 250 feet. Large spill from a tank or from a number of containers - first, isolate 520 feet in all directions; secondly, evacuate in a downwind direction 1.3 miles wide and 2.0 miles long. Keep upwind from leak. Vapors are heavier than air and pockets of chlorine are likely to be trapped in low-lying areas. Use water spray on the chlorine vapor cloud to reduce vapors. Do not flush into public sewer or water systems. Chlorine can be neutralized with caustic soda or soda ash.

Alkaline solutions for absorbing chlorine can be prepared as follows:

For 100 pound containers: 125 lbs. of caustic soda and 40 gallons of water For 2,000 pound containers:

2,500 lbs. of caustic soda and 800 gallons of water For 100 pound containers: 300 lbs. of soda ash and

100 gallons of water For 2,000 pound containers: 6,000 lbs. of soda ash and 2,000 gallons of water

CAUTION: Observe appropriate safety precautions for handling alkaline chemicals. Heat will be generated during the neutralization process.

Waste Disposal Method: Due to its inherent properties, hazardous conditions may result if the material is managed improperly. It is recommended that any containerized waste chlorine be managed as hazardous waste in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local health and environmental laws and regulations.

SECTION VIII - SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION

Ventilation: Effective exhaust ventilation should always be provided to draw fumes or vapors away from workers to prevent routine inhalation. Ventilation should be adequate to maintain the ambient workplace atmosphere below the legislated levels listed in Section II.

Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH approved acid gas cartridge or canister respirator for routine work purposes when concentrations are above the permissible exposure limits. Use full facepiece respirators when concentrations are irritating to the eyes. A cartridge-type escape respirator should be carried at all times when handling chlorine for escape only in case of a spill or leak. Re-enter area only with NIOSH approved, self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece. The respiratory use limitations made by

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

NIOSH or the manufacturer must be observed. Respiratory protection programs must be in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134.

Eye/Face Protection: Non-ventilated chemical safety goggles or a full face shield.

Skin Protection: Wear impervious gloves, coveralls, boots and/or other resistance protective clothing. Safety shower/eyewash fountain should be readily available in the work area. Some operations may require the use of an impervious full-body encapsulating suit and respiratory protection.

Note: Neoprene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Viton, and chlorinated polyethylene show good resistance to chlorine.

Additional: Do not eat, drink or smoke in work areas. Maintain good housekeeping.

SECTION IX - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

Material Handling: Do not use near welding operations, flames or hot surfaces. Move cylinders by hand truck or cart designed for that purpose. Do not lift cylinders by their caps. Do not handle cylinders with oily hands. Secure cylinders in place in an upright position at all times. Do not drop cylinders or permit them to strike each other. Leave valve cap on cylinder until cylinder is secured and ready for use. Close all valves when not in actual use. Insure valves on gas cylinders are fully opened when gas is used. Open and shut valves at least once a day while cylinder is in use to avoid valve "freezing". Use smallest possible amounts in designated areas with adequate ventilation. Have emergency equipment for fires, spills and leaks readily available. Wash thoroughly after handling product. Provide a safety shower/eyewash station in handling area. An emergency contingency program should be developed for facilities handling chlorine.

Storage: Store in steel pressure cylinders in a cool, dry area outdoors or in well-ventilated, detached or segregated areas of noncombustible construction. Keep out of direct sunlight and away from heat and ignition sources. Cylinder temperatures should never exceed 51°C (125°F). Isolate from incompatible materials. Store cylinders upright on a level floor secured in position and protected from physical damage. Use corrosion resistant lighting and ventilation systems in the storage area. Keep cylinder valve cover on. Label empty cylinders. Store full cylinders separately from empty cylinders. Avoid storing cylinders for more than six months. Comply with applicable regulations for the storage and handling of compressed gases.

SECTION X - HAZARD CODES

(MSDS - Chlorine)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

USER'S RESPONSIBILITY

This bulletin cannot cover all possible situations which the user may experience during processing. Each aspect of the user's operation should be examined to determine if, or where, additional precautions may be necessary. All health and safety information contained within this bulletin should be provided to the user's employees or customers. __________________________ must rely upon the user to utilize this

information to develop appropriate work practice guidelines and employee instructional programs for his or her operation.

DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY

As the conditions or methods of use are beyond our control, we do not assume any responsibility and expressly disclaim any liability for any use of this material. Information contained herein is believed to be true and accurate but all statements or suggestions are made without warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy of the information, the hazards connected with the use of the material or the results to be obtained from the use thereof. Compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations remains the responsibility of the user.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SHIPPING INFORMATION

IDENTIFICATION - DOMESTIC TRANSPORTATION

Proper Shipping Name (172.101(c)): Chlorine

(Technical Name(s)) 172.203(k): N/A

Hazard Class 172.101(d): 2.3

UN/NA# 172.101(e): UN 1017

Haz. Substance 171.8: RQ (Chlorine)

Reportable Quantity (Appendix A to 172.101): 10 LB

Inhalation Hazard 172.2a(b): Zone B, Poison-Inhalation Hazard, Marine Pollutant

Package Code 172.101(f): N/A

Placarded: Poison Gas

PACKAGING (Part 173)

Packaging Section (172.101(i)) - Col. 8(a): None

Col. 8(b): 173.304

Col. 8(c): 173.314, 173.315

DOMESTIC LABELING

1HMT LABELS (172.400)

2Additional Subsidiary Hazard (172.402(a)): 8 (Corrosive)

DANGEROUS GOODS DETERMINATION (38th Edition) IATA

Air Transport of This Material if Forbidden (Passenger and Cargo)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE 1 EVALUATOR’S WORKSHEETS

Instructions: Use the worksheets below as a guide to evaluating team performance on Tabletop Exercise 1.

Objective 1: Demonstrate the ability to direct, coordinate, and control emergency activities using ICS.

Objective 2: Demonstrate the ability to alert and activate personnel for emergency response and maintain operations until the situation is brought under control.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE 1 EVALUATOR’S WORKSHEETS (CONTINUED)

Objective 3: Demonstrate the ability to mobilize, track, and demobilize equipment, people, and other resources in support of emergency operations.

Objective 4: Develop and maintain a coordinated action plan to accomplish operational objectives.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE 1 EVALUATOR’S WORKSHEETS (CONTINUED)

Objective 5: Identify and implement appropriate actions to protect emergency workers and the public.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

EXERCISE 1 EVALUATOR’S WORKSHEETS (CONTINUED)

Objective 5: Identify and implement appropriate actions to protect emergency workers and the public.

Comments:

Objective 6: Coordinate and disseminate timely and accurate information to the media and the public.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

PARTICIPANT COPIES OF MESSAGES

This appendix includes copies of the exercise messages that you can copy and distribute to the exercise participants. Each message is included on its own page for your ease in copying.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND INCIDENT SCENARIO

Background Information

South Hamden Township is a rural area at the southernmost end of Landis County, New Columbia. The township includes the village of Hope Springs, which is surrounded by a golf course, schools, farmland, and the newer residential communities of Lilly, Misty Acres, and Sugar Mountain. A map of the area is provided on the following page. The township also has several significant businesses including a butter processing plant.

Hope Springs was so named because of its location atop the third largest natural aquifer in the country. Rainbow River is fed by 34 springs, which produce more than 24 million gallons of water each day. The water is used for drinking in Hope Springs and the northeastern end of the township.

The geological underlay in and around Hope Springs is primarily limestone. Because of high subsurface water levels and because the limestone base is continually eroded by water movement, the entire area is subject to sink holes.

Incident Scenario

It is 11:30 a.m. on Thursday, March 2. The temperature is a mild 68 degrees, and the wind is from the south-southwest at 5 miles per hour, both of which are unusual for this time of year. Many of the residents are outside enjoying the nice weather. Children at the Frantz Elementary School are enjoying outdoor recess time.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

MESSAGE 1

The Communications Center has just received a call from the security guard at the water treatment plant. There has been a release of chlorine outside the facility. The alarm is sounding.

The security guard at the plant does not know if the release is contained and tells the dispatcher that employees are evacuating.

MESSAGE 2

The first fire company arrives at the scene at 11:42 a.m. to find a cloud along the ground. The wind direction is taking the cloud toward the Village of Hope Springs.

Firefighters notice that the building is placarded with an NFPA 704 Diamond with the markings 4-0-0. There is also an “OXY” in the white area of the diamond.

MESSAGE 3

It is now 11:54 a.m. The Incident Commander (IC) has talked to the water plant manager who confirms a leak in a 1-ton chlorine container. The container was punctured when a fork truck operator inadvertently struck it. The operator and two coworkers are unaccounted for.

The elementary school principal calls to ask what is needed to protect the students, faculty, and staff.

The Communications Center has informed the IC that it has dispatched all available personnel. The estimated time of arrival for the HazMat team is 32 minutes.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

MESSAGE 4

It is now 12 p.m. The wind speed has increased to 10 miles per hour and remains from the south- southwest.

Six evacuated workers are having trouble breathing and are complaining of burning of the eyes and throat.

Firefighters have reported that they can see that three persons are down in the cloud and appear to be unconscious.

MESSAGE 5

It is now 12:15 p.m., and the HazMat team arrives at the scene.

The chair of the township Board of Supervisors arrives. The supervisor is concerned about the residents and contamination of the Rainbow River and ground water.

MESSAGE 6

By 12:30 p.m., media representatives begin arriving at the perimeter and are attempting to interview responders. They have requested a spokesperson from the fire department to meet them and appear on camera. They want to know the degree of danger to the school students, the people in the village, and livestock in the area.

The Communications Center has notified the IC that it is receiving numerous calls from downwind locations complaining of eye, nose, and throat irritation.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

MESSAGE 7

It is 1:25 p.m. The chlorine cloud appears to be dissipating.

The crew at the elementary school reports a density of .4 part per million (ppm) of chlorine around the school. The concentration at the edge of the cold zone is .25 ppm.

A cleanup contractor has been called and is expected onsite in the morning.

MESSAGE 8

It is 3 p.m.

The bodies of the three workers at the plant have been retrieved. All others have been accounted for, treated, and released.

The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts that a cold front will be passing through within the next several hours and with that will come a return to more normal temperatures. The wind is expected to shift to the northwest and increase to 15 to 20 miles per hour, dissipating the remaining chlorine.

Contaminant levels are now at .15 ppm throughout the area.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND INCIDENT SCENARIO

Background Information

Greenville is an unincorporated suburb near the western boundary of thriving Hamilton County, New Columbia. Greenville covers 9.2 square miles and has a population of 48,552. The suburb’s demographics mirror the rest of the county. Its location at the western edge of the county enhances its function as a residential area, with a moderate amount of commercial zoning and very little light-industrial zoning. Only 12 percent of Greenville’s residents both live and work in the suburb. Because of its gateway location, Greenville’s transportation system also serves as a pass-through to counties to the west.

An east-west Interstate highway, I-44, passes through Greenville, connecting with the east-west four-lane divided arterial, U.S. Route 27. The Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for I-44 westbound is 58,000, with 81 percent of this traffic running at peak hours. Numerous local side roads connect with Route 27, which serves as a major commuter route through this end of the county.

Stream Valley Park passes through the center of Greenville. The park is a well-used. The Sandy Valley Creek runs through the park, with a high rocky bank on one side and a sand-like silt bank on the other side. Route 27 passes over the Sandy Valley Park.

Incident Scenario

It is 5:45 p.m. on Friday, August 21. The temperature is a stifling 84 degrees, and the humidity is 78 percent. The weather forecast for Greenville calls for evening thunderstorms developing from the west. The sun is causing difficulties for commuters driving westbound on Route 27. A troop of Boy Scouts is cooking hotdogs and hamburgers over open flames at Sandy Valley Park, while many others are enjoying recreational activities at the park. Several children are playing in the shade under the bridge and a group of teenagers is lounging nearby.

A tractor trailer has just exited the ramp from eastbound I-44, and merged into westbound traffic on Route 27. The truck is carrying twenty 55-gallon closed-head steel drums of liquid acetone. The truck veers to the right and slams into the bridge abutment just after the intersection of Route 27 and Fairfarms Avenue. The people hear the sound of screeching tires and look up to witness the collision of the truck.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

HAMILTON COUNTY AND THE UNINCORPORATED SUBURB OF GREENVILLE

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

3. The initial response strategy, including response priorities.

Ask the PIO to brief the group on the information that will be included in the media release.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

A bill of lading/MSDS for the chemical involved in the spill is included in the Supplemental Materials section at the end of this exercise. Do not provide it to the participants unless asked. The MSDS describes PPE requirements for exposure to this chemical.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

Message 6 Controller Notes:

After allowing the participants time to discuss the new information, ask the participants:

1. What is the best way to restrict area residents who are attracted to the scene at the highway site?

2. What is the best way to get out your message to the public?

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SCENARIO MESSAGES (CONTINUED)

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

MSDS Number: A0446 * * * * * * * * Effective Date: 05/20/04 * * * * * * * * Supercedes: 02/12/04

ACETONE

1. Product Identification

Synonyms: Dimethylketone; 2-propanone; dimethylketal

CAS No.: 67-64-1

Molecular Weight: 58.08

Chemical Formula: (CH3)2CO

Product Codes:

5008, 5018, 5356, 5580, 9001, 9002, 9003, 9004, 9005, 9006, 9007, 9008, 9009, 9010, 9015, 9024, 9036, 9125, 9254, 9271, A134, V655

Mallinckrodt: 0018, 2432, 2435, 2437, 2438, 2440, 2443, 2445, 2850, H451, H580, H981

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

3. Hazards Identification

Emergency Overview

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DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR. VAPOR MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR INHALED. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience)

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Health Rating: 2 - Moderate

Flammability Rating: 3 - Severe (Flammable)

Reactivity Rating: 0 - None

Contact Rating: 3 - Severe

Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES & SHIELD; LAB COAT & APRON; VENT HOOD;

PROPER GLOVES; CLASS B EXTINGUISHER Storage Color Code: Red (Flammable)

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Potential Health Effects

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Inhalation:

Inhalation of vapors irritates the respiratory tract. May cause coughing, dizziness, dullness, and headache. Higher concentrations can produce central nervous system depression, narcosis, and unconsciousness.

Ingestion:

Swallowing small amounts is not likely to produce harmful effects. Ingestion of larger amounts may produce abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Aspiration into lungs can produce severe lung damage and is a medical emergency. Other symptoms are expected to parallel inhalation.

Skin Contact:

Irritating due to defatting action on skin. Causes redness, pain, drying and cracking of the skin.

Eye Contact:

Vapors are irritating to the eyes. Splashes may cause severe irritation, with stinging, tearing, redness and pain.

Chronic Exposure:

Prolonged or repeated skin contact may produce severe irritation or dermatitis.

Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:

Use of alcoholic beverages enhances toxic effects. Exposure may increase the toxic potential of chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform, trichloroethane.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

4. First Aid Measures

Inhalation:

Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.

Ingestion:

Aspiration hazard. If swallowed, vomiting may occur spontaneously, but DO NOT INDUCE. If vomiting occurs, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration into lungs. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician immediately.

Skin Contact:

Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.

Eye Contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention.

5. Fire Fighting Measures

Fire:

Flash point: -20C (-4F) CC

Autoignition temperature: 465C (869F) Flammable limits in air % by volume: lel: 2.5; uel: 12.8

Extremely Flammable Liquid and Vapor! Vapor may cause flash fire.

Explosion:

Above flash point, vapor-air mixtures are explosive within flammable limits noted above. Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition source and flash back. Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire. Sealed containers may rupture when heated. This material may produce a floating fire hazard. Sensitive to static discharge.

Fire Extinguishing Media:

Dry chemical, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide. Water may be ineffective. Water spray may be used to keep fire exposed containers cool, dilute spills to nonflammable mixtures, protect personnel attempting to stop leak and disperse vapors.

Special Information:

In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self- contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

6. Accidental Release Measures

Ventilate area of leak or spill. Remove all sources of ignition. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Isolate hazard area. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Contain and recover liquid when possible. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use combustible materials, such as saw dust. Do not flush to sewer! If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors, to protect personnel attempting to stop leak, and to flush spills away from exposures. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.

7. Handling and Storage

Protect against physical damage. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location, away from any area where the fire hazard may be acute. Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from incompatibles. Containers should be bonded and grounded for transfers to avoid static sparks. Storage and use areas should be No Smoking areas. Use non-sparking type tools and equipment, including explosion proof ventilation. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors, liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Airborne Exposure Limits:

Acetone:

-OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 1000 ppm (TWA)

-ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):

500 ppm (TWA), 750 ppm (STEL) A4 - not classifiable as a human carcinogen

Ventilation System:

A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.

Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):

If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible, a half- face organic vapor respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece organic vapor respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face piece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air- purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.

Skin Protection:

Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:

Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance:

Clear, colorless, volatile liquid.

Odor:

Fragrant, mint-like

Solubility:

Miscible in all proportions in water.

Specific Gravity:

0.79@ 20C/4C

pH:

No information found.

% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F): 100

Boiling Point:

56.5C (133F) @ 760 mm Hg

Melting Point: -95C (-139F)

Vapor Density (Air=1):

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): 400 @ 39.5C (104F)

Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1): ca. 7.7

10.Stability and Reactivity

Stability:

Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:

Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may form when heated to decomposition.

Hazardous Polymerization:

Will not occur.

Incompatibilities:

Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures, oxidizing materials, chloroform, alkalis, chlorine compounds, acids, potassium t-butoxide.

Conditions to Avoid:

Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

11. Toxicological Information

Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg; Inhalation rat LC50: 50,100mg/m3; Irritation eye rabbit, Standard Draize, 20 mg severe; investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector.

12. Ecological Information

Environmental Fate:

When released into the soil, this material is expected to readily biodegrade. When released into the soil, this material is expected to leach into groundwater. When released into the soil, this material is expected to quickly evaporate. When released into water, this material is expected to readily biodegrade. When released to water, this material is expected to quickly evaporate. This material has a log octanol-water partition coefficient of less than 3.0. This material is not expected to significantly bioaccumulate. When released into the air, this material may be moderately degraded by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. When released into the air, this material may be moderately degraded by photolysis. When released into the air, this material is expected to be readily removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition.

Environmental Toxicity:

This material is not expected to be toxic to aquatic life. The LC50/96-hour values for fish are over 100 mg/l.

13. Disposal Considerations

Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved incinerator or disposed in a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLETOP EXERCISES MANUAL

SAMPLE

14. Transport Information

Domestic (Land, D.O.T.)

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Proper Shipping Name: ACETONE

Hazard Class: 3

UN/NA: UN1090

Packing Group: II

International (Water, I.M.O.)

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Proper Shipping Name: ACETONE

Hazard Class: 3

UN/NA: UN1090

Packing Group: II

Information reported for product/size: 188L

15. Regulatory Information