How Do You Factor Ax2 + bx + c Trinomials?

Breaking down a trinomial like ax2 + bx + c into two binomials is a core math skill. When the leading coefficient is not 1, you need a reliable method to find the right factor pairs. You will learn two widely used approaches: the AC method and trial and error.

The AC Method

The AC method gives you a clear, repeatable way to factor an expression with a leading coefficient other than 1. To factor ax2 + bx + c, follow these steps:

  1. Find the product of a and c (the AC product).
  2. Find two numbers whose product equals AC and whose sum equals b.
  3. Rewrite the middle term bx using those two numbers.
  4. Factor by grouping to finish the process and get two binomials.

Example: Factor 2x2 + 7x + 3. AC = 2 × 3 = 6. Two numbers with product 6 and sum 7 are 1 and 6. Rewrite: 2x2 + x + 6x + 3. Group: x(2x + 1) + 3(2x + 1) = (x + 3)(2x + 1).

Trial-and-Error Method

Trial and error is another way to find factor pairs for trinomials. You write two binomials of the form (px + q)(rx + s) and test pairs of numbers until the product matches the original trinomial. Use FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last) to check each attempt. A negative factor in the original trinomial is a sign to include a negative number in one of the binomials. When c is negative, the factors have opposite signs.

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