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	FM 3-22.9
	C1
Change 1	Headquarters
	Department of the Army
	Washington, DC, 10 February 2011

Rifle Marksmanship

M16-/M4-Series Weapons

1. Change FM 3-22.9, 12 August 2008, as follows:

Remove old pages:	Insert new pages:
No pages	Summary of Changes
i through xiv	i through xiv
5-3 through 5-4	5-3 through 5-4
5-17 through 5-42	5-17 through 5-38
6-19 through 6-20	6-19 through 6-20
7-57 through 7-70	7-57 through 7-74
8-27 through 8-28	8-27 through 8-28
B-1 through B-6	B-1 through B-6
F-1 through F-8	F-1 through F-12
Index-1 to Index-16	Index-1 to Index-14
DA Form 5789-R	DA Form 5789-R
DA Form 5790-R	DA Form 5790-R
No pages	DA Form 7682-R

2.A star (*) marks new or changed material.

3.File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication.

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

GEORGE W. CASEY, JR.

General, United States Army

Chief of Staff

Official:

JOYCE E. MORROW

Administrative Assistant to the

Secretary of the Army

1034702

DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with initial distribution number 110187, requirements for FM 3-22.9.

PIN: 080759-001

This page intentionally left blank.

*Summary of Changes

Change 1 of FM 3-22.9, Rifle Marksmanship, M16-/M4-Series Weapons, integrates the new combat field fire into the advanced rifle marksmanship training strategy. This change outlines the combat field fire portion of the training program (concept, conduct, and record of performance; found in Section VII of Chapter 7, found on page 7-59) and introduces its associated scorecard (blank scorecard is located at the end of the publication; example completed scorecard is located on page B-6).

This change also integrates the supplemental 200-meter zeroing procedures as an alternative to 300-meter zeroing (found in Section II of Chapter 5). Appendix F includes target offsets for these procedures.

Further, minor changes are made to correct the content of the publication. These include the following:

In paragraphs 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-45, 5-46, and 5-47 (pages 5-3, 5-4, 5-17, 5-18, and 5-19), changes were made to accommodate the five-round shot groups fired in initial entry training (IET).

Paragraphs 5-49 and 5-50 (page 5-19) were added to address the conduct of a 200-meter zero firing.

In Figure 5-20 (page 5-21), “100-meter” is changed to “75-meter” and “200-meter” is changed to “175-meter.”

In Figure 5-31 (page 5-33), the lengths of the rounds have been corrected.

The notes on page 5-35 and 5-36 were modified to indicate new paragraph placement.

In Table 6-16 (page 6-19), the Number of Rounds column reflects the following changes:

In the Table 1 row, the column is changed to read “20-round magazine, two rounds for each silhouette.”

In the Table 3 row, the column is changed to read “10-round magazine, two rounds for each silhouette at 50 to 100 meters and one round at each 150-meter silhouette.”

Paragraph 6-91 (page 6-20) was modified to include additional information about scoring.

In paragraph 6-93 (page 6-20), the NSNs have been corrected.

In Table 7-21 (page 7-57), “Short/45 m” is changed to read “Short/40 m.”

In paragraphs 8-93 and 8-94 (page 8-28), the number of rounds fired from the prone unsupported position was raised to 20, and the 10 rounds fired from the kneeling firing position was reduced to 0.

In Figure B-5 (page B-4), updates reflect the changes in DA Form 5789-R (Record Fire Scorecard—Known Distance Course).

Appendix F has been modified to include 200-meter zero offsets. This impacts the chapter introduction (page F-1). Also, a portion of the appendix has been added to address marking 25-meter zero offsets for 200 meters (beginning with paragraph F-3 on page F-9).

In Table F-1 (page F-7), the zero offset for the M16A4 MWS with the M68 accessory has been corrected.

In DA Form 5789-R, the Range column reflects the following changes:

In Table 2, “300” is changed to “200.”

In Table 3, “300” is changed to “100.”

In DA Form 5790-R (Record Firing Scorecard—Scaled Target Alternate Course), the rear of the scorecard is changed to read—

(3) Table 3—Kneeling Firing Position. The firer is given one 10-round magazine to engage 10 silhouettes on the target sheet. Table 3 includes 2 rounds for each silhouette positioned at 50 and 100 meters and 1 round for each silhouette positioned at 150 meters. Firing must be completed in 60 seconds. No more than 2 hits are scored for the 50- and 100-meter silhouettes, and 1 hit is scored for each 150-meter silhouette.

SCORING

The same target sheet is used for every 40-round qualification table that a firer completes. One hit is awarded for each round that strikes within or touches some part of the silhouette. A maximum of 40 hits is comprised of 3 hits per target at 200, 250, and 300 meters; 4 hits per target at 150 meters; and 5 hits per target at 50 and 100 meters.

In DA Form 5790-R, the front of the scorecard was changed to remove the following phrase: “No more than 4 rounds per target.”

xiv

FM 3-22.9, C1

10 February 2011

This page intentionally left blank.

	*FM 3-22.9
Field Manual	Headquarters
No. 3-22.9	Department of the Army
	Washington, DC, 12 August 2008

Rifle Marksmanship

M16-/M4-Series Weapons

Contents

		Page
	PREFACE	xiv
Chapter 1	MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING	1-1
	Section I. Training Strategy	1-1
	Objectives	1-1
	Marksmanship Training Strategy	1-1
	Training Phases	1-5
	Section II. Unit Marksmanship Training Program	1-8
	Mission-Essential Tasks	1-9
	Training Assessment	1-9
	Trainers	1-11
	Trainer Certification Program	1-13
	Qualification Training	1-15
	Unit Live-Fire Exercises	1-17
Chapter 2	WEAPON CHARACTERISTICS, ACCESSORIES, AND AMMUNITION	2-1
	Section I. Rifles and Carbines	2-1
	Characteristics of M16-/M4-Series Weapons	2-1
	M4-Series Carbine	2-2
	M16A2/A3 Rifle	2-5
	M16A4 Rifle	2-7
	M16A1 Rifle	2-9
	Section II. Accessory Mounting	2-10
	M4/M5 Adapter Rail System	2-10
	Rail Grabbers	2-13
	Section III. Accessories	2-16
	M68 Close Combat Optic	2-17
	AN/PAQ-4B/C Infrared Aiming Light	2-19
	AN/PEQ-2A/B Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light	2-21
	AN/PEQ-15 Advanced Target Pointer/Illuminator Aiming Light	2-24
	AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) Light Weapon Thermal Sight and AN/PAS-13B/C/D
	(V3) Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight	2-26
	AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Sight	2-28

_________________________________________________________________________________________

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supercedes FM 3-22.9, 24 April 2003.

10 February 2011

FM 3-22.9, C1

Contents

	Backup Iron Sight	2-30
	Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight	2-31
	Section IV. 10-Meter Boresight and 25-Meter Zero Offset	2-33
	Borelight	2-33
	10-Meter Boresight	2-34
	25-Meter Zero Offset	2-34
	Section V. Ammunition	2-35
	Authorized Ammunition	2-35
	Trajectory	2-37
	Storage	2-39
Chapter 3	TROUBLESHOOTING AND DESTRUCTION	3-1
	Stoppages	3-1
	Malfunctions	3-2
	Destruction Procedures	3-7
Chapter 4	PRELIMINARY MARKSMANSHIP INSTRUCTION	4-1
	Section I. Introduction to Basic Rifle Marksmanship and Mechanical Training	4-1
	Clearing	4-2
	Cycles of Functioning	4-4
	Modes of Fire	4-11
	Peer Coaching	4-12
	Section II. Marksmanship Fundamentals I	4-14
	Interceptor Body Armor	4-15
	Four Fundamentals	4-16
	Dominant Eye Training	4-24
	Basic Firing Positions	4-24
	Training Devices and Exercises	4-28
	Section III. Marksmanship Fundamentals II	4-29
	Engagement Skills Trainer 2000	4-29
	Laser Marksmanship Training System	4-30
Chapter 5	DOWNRANGE FEEDBACK	5-1
	Section I. Grouping Procedures	5-1
	Concept	5-2
	Organization of a 25-Meter Grouping Range	5-2
	Conduct of a 25-Meter Grouping Firing	5-2
	*Shot Group Marking	5-3
	Single Shot Group Analysis	5-4
	Multiple Shot Group Analysis	5-7
	Troubleshooting the Fundamentals	5-14
	Section II. Zeroing Procedures	5-14
	Purpose	5-15
	Sight Variance	5-15

FM 3-22.9, C1

10 February 2011

		Contents
	Organization of a 25-Meter Zero Range	5-15
	Conduct of a 25-Meter Zero Firing	5-15
	Section III. Known Distance Range	5-19
	Concept	5-19
	*Known Distance Target Description	5-20
	*Marking Known Distance Range Targets	5-21
	Known Distance Shot Grouping Analysis	5-22
	*Known Distance Zeroing	5-23
	*Conduct of a Standard Known Distance Range	5-23
	*Known Distance Record Fire Range	5-24
	*Modified Field Fire Range	5-24
	*Record of Performance	5-25
	*25-Meter Zero Standard	5-26
	*Section IV. Effects of Wind and Gravity	5-26
	*Effects of Gravity	5-26
	*Effects of Wind	5-27
	*Section V. Ballistics	5-33
	*Internal Ballistics	5-33
	*External Ballistics	5-35
	*Terminal Ballistics	5-37
	*Bullet Dispersion at Range	5-37
Chapter 6	FIELD FIRE	6-1
	Section I. Target Detection	6-1
	Locating Targets	6-1
	Marking Targets	6-4
	Range Determination	6-5
	Section II. Field Fire Training	6-6
	Conduct of a Field Fire Range	6-7
	Field Fire I (Single Timed Target)	6-8
	Field Fire II (Multiple or Single Timed Targets)	6-9
	Section III. Record Qualification	6-10
	Practice Record Fire I and II	6-10
	Record Fire	6-13
	Section IV. Alternate Qualification Courses	6-16
	Known Distance Record Fire Range	6-17
	25-Meter Scaled Target Alternate Course	6-18
	15-Meter Scaled Target Alternate Course	6-20
Chapter 7	ADVANCED RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP	7-1
	Section I. Advanced Firing Positions	7-1
	Kneeling Supported Firing Position	7-2
	Standing Unsupported Firing Position	7-3
	Standing Supported Firing Position Around Obstacles	7-4

10 February 2011

FM 3-22.9, C1

iii

Contents

	Modified Firing Positions	7-5
	Urban Operations Firing Positions	7-6
	Section II. Combat Fire Techniques	7-8
	Rapid Semiautomatic Fire	7-8
	Automatic or Burst Fire	7-12
	Suppressive Fire	7-16
	Quick Fire	7-19
	Section III. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Firing	7-24
	Mission-Oriented Protective Posture Equipment Fire	7-24
	Section IV. Night Fire Training	7-30
	Unassisted Night Fire Training	7-30
	Artificial Illumination Training	7-35
	Section V. Moving Target Engagements	7-36
	Modifications for Moving Target Engagements	7-36
	Moving Target Live-Fire Exercise	7-41
	Section VI. Short-Range Marksmanship Training	7-41
	Conduct of Short-Range Marksmanship Training	7-41
	Fundamentals of Short-Range Marksmanship	7-42
	Preliminary Short-Range Marksmanship Instruction	7-47
	Phase I—Reflexive Fire Training	7-51
	Phase II—Target Discrimination Training	7-53
	Phase III—Short-Range Marksmanship Qualification	7-55
	Phase IV—Shotgun and Automatic or Burst Firing Familiarization	7-57
	*Section VII. Combat field fire	7-57
	*Concept	7-57
	*Conduct	7-58
	*Record of Performance	7-62
	*Section VIII. Squad Designated Marksman Training	7-62
	*Mission of the Squad Designated Marksman	7-62
	*Selection	7-63
	*Squad Designated Marksman Skills Progression	7-63
Chapter 8	ADVANCED OPTICS, LASERS, AND IRON SIGHTS	8-1
	Section I. Borelight	8-1
	Concept	8-2
	Zeroing the Borelight	8-2
	Boresighting	8-6
	Section II. Training Strategies and Qualification Standards	8-11
	Backup Iron Sight	8-11
	M68 Close Combat Optic	8-12
	Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight	8-16
	AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) Light Weapon Thermal Sight and AN/PAS-13B/C/D
	(V3) Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight	8-20
	AN/PAQ-4B/C and AN/PEQ-2A/B Infrared Aiming Lasers	8-23

FM 3-22.9, C1

10 February 2011

		Contents
	AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Device	8-28
*Appendix A	TRAINING AIDS, DEVICES, AND EXERCISES	A-1
Appendix B	SCORECARDS	B-1
Appendix C	NIGHT FIGHTING	C-1
Appendix D RANGE SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT		D-1
Appendix E RANGE PROCEDURES AND RANGE OPERATIONS CHECKLIST		E-1
*Appendix F 10-METER TARGET OFFSETS AND 25-METER ZERO OFFSETS		F-1
*Glossary		Glossary-1
References		References-1
*Index		Index-1
	Figures
Figure 1-1. Initial entry training marksmanship training strategy		1-2
Figure 1-2. Unit marksmanship sustainment strategy		1-3
Figure 1-3. Active Army home station marksmanship training strategy		1-4
Figure 1-4. National Guard home station marksmanship training strategy		1-4
Figure 1-5. Army Reserve home station marksmanship training strategy		1-5
Figure 1-6. Deployed unit marksmanship training strategy		1-5
Figure 2-1. M4/M4A1 carbine with accessories		2-2
Figure 2-2. M4 MWS with accessories		2-3
Figure 2-3. M4/M4A1 and M4/M4A1 MWS		2-3
Figure 2-4. M4/M4A1 or M4 MWS mechanical zero		2-4
Figure 2-5. M4/M4A1 or M4 MWS battlesight zero		2-4
Figure 2-6. M16A2/A3 rifle with accessories		2-5
Figure 2-7. M16A2/A3 mechanical zero		2-6
Figure 2-8. M16A2/A3 battlesight zero		2-6
Figure 2-9. M16A4 rifle with accessories		2-7
Figure 2-10. M16A4 mechanical zero		2-8
Figure 2-11. M16A4 battlesight zero		2-8
Figure 2-12. M16A1 rifle		2-9
Figure 2-13. M16A1 mechanical zero		2-9
Figure 2-14. M16A1 battlesight zero		2-10
Figure 2-15. Adapter rail system		2-11
Figure 2-16. M5 rail covers/heat shields		2-11
Figure 2-17. Address markings on the adapter rail system		2-12
Figure 2-18. Vertical pistol grip		2-13
Figure 2-19. Insight rail grabber		2-14
Figure 2-20. Insight rail grabber MILES training extender		2-15
Figure 2-21. Picatinny rail grabber		2-15
Figure 2-22. M68 close combat optic		2-17

10 February 2011

FM 3-22.9, C1

Contents

Figure 2-23. Mounting the M68 on an M16A4 rifle or M4-series carbine	2-17
Figure 2-24. Mounting the M68 on an M16A1/A2/A3 rifle	2-18
Figure 2-25. Mounting the M68/AN/PVS-14 combination on an M4 MWS	2-19
Figure 2-26. AN/PAQ-4B/C infrared aiming light	2-19
Figure 2-27. Mounting the AN/PAQ-4B/C on the M4 MWS top or left	2-20
Figure 2-28. Mounting the AN/PAQ-4B/C on the M16A1/A2/A3 rifle and M4 carbine	2-21
Figure 2-29. AN/PEQ-2A/B target pointer/illuminator/aiming light	2-22
Figure 2-30. Mounting the AN/PEQ-2A/B on the M16A4 rifle and M4 MWS	2-22
Figure 2-31. Mounting the AN/PEQ-2A/B on M16A1/A2/A3 rifles and M4 carbines	2-23
Figure 2-32. MILES training extender bracket installation on
M16-/M4-series weapons	2-24
Figure 2-33. AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer illuminator aiming light	2-25
Figure 2-34. AN/PEQ-15 mounted on M4 carbine	2-25
Figure 2-35. AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) light weapon thermal sight and
AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V3) heavy weapon thermal sight	2-26
Figure 2-36. Mounting the TWS on M16A4 rifle or M4 carbine	2-26
Figure 2-37. Mounting the TWS on an M16A1/A2/A3 rifle	2-27
Figure 2-38. AN/PVS-4 night vision sight	2-28
Figure 2-39. Mounting the AN/PVS-4 on an M4 carbine or M4 MWS	2-28
Figure 2-40. Mounting the AN/PVS-4 on an M16A1/A2/A3 rifle	2-29
Figure 2-41. Backup iron sight	2-30
Figure 2-42. Backup iron sight in the stowed position	2-30
Figure 2-43. Advanced combat optical gunsight	2-31
Figure 2-44. Mounting the ACOG on M16A4 rifle and M4 carbine	2-31
Figure 2-45. Mounting the ACOG on an M16A1/A2/A3 rifle	2-32
Figure 2-46. ACOG locking screw	2-33
Figure 2-47. Borelight with a 5.56-millimeter mandrel	2-33
Figure 2-48. 10-meter boresighting target and 25-meter zero offset	2-34
Figure 2-49. M855 drop during 25-meter zeroing (M16A2 at 8/3+1, M4 at 6/3)	2-37
Figure 2-50. Bullet drop of M855 ammunition with M16A2 (8/3)	2-37
Figure 2-51. Bullet drop of M855 ammunition with M4 (6/3)	2-38
Figure 2-52. M4 carbine and M16A2 rifle bullet trajectory comparison	2-38
Figure 2-53. Bullet drop of M4/M855 during 25-meter zeroing on 6/3	2-39
Figure 3-1. Failure to feed, chamber, or lock	3-2
Figure 3-2. Failure to fire	3-4
Figure 3-3. Other possible malfunctions	3-7
Figure 4-1. Clearing	4-3
Figure 4-2. Feeding	4-4
Figure 4-3. Chambering	4-5
Figure 4-4. Locking	4-6
Figure 4-5. Firing	4-7
Figure 4-6. Unlocking	4-8

FM 3-22.9, C1

10 February 2011

Question	Answer
Form Name	Fm 3 Rifle Marksmanship Form
Form Length	112 pages
Fillable?	No
Fillable fields	0
Avg. time to fill out	28 min
Other names	fm 3 22 9, fm m16, marksmanship m16 create, 22 9 marksmanship

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