Index Daily Living Form PDF Details

Understanding the intricacies of aging and its impact on daily life is a growing concern, particularly as the population of older adults increases. Among the most insightful tools for evaluating the functional status of older adults is the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Developed with the expertise of healthcare professionals, this tool serves a critical role in identifying declines in an individual's ability to perform basic daily tasks independently, such as bathing, dressing, eating, and using the restroom. Its straightforward scoring system, which ranges from full function to severe impairment, offers a clear framework for planning individualized care and intervention strategies. While it excels in recognizing significant changes in an older adult's capability, its utility is balanced by a limitation in detecting minor improvements, which are crucial during rehabilitation. This underscores the importance of a comprehensive geriatric assessment when needed. The Katz ADL Index not only facilitates a common language among practitioners for efficient care planning but also emphasizes the necessity of ongoing evaluation and support to enhance the quality of life for older adults across various care settings. As we continue to advance in our understanding and resources, tools like the Katz ADL Index remain imperative in the mission to provide best practice nursing care to the aging population.

QuestionAnswer
Form NameIndex Daily Living Form
Form Length2 pages
Fillable?No
Fillable fields0
Avg. time to fill out30 sec
Other namesindex of activities of daily living, katz index of independence in activities of daily living, activity daily living, katz index of activities of daily living

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general assessment series

 

Best Practices in Nursing

 

Care to Older Adults

 

From The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University, College of Nursing

Issue Number 2, Revised 2012

Editor-in-Chief: Sherry A. Greenberg, PhD(c), MSN, GNP-BC

 

New York University College of Nursing

Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

By: Mary Shelkey, PhD, ARNP, Virginia Mason Medical Center, and

Meredith Wallace, PhD, APRN, BC, Fairfield University School of Nursing

WHY: Normal aging changes and health problems frequently show themselves as declines in the functional status of older adults. Decline may place the older adult on a spiral of iatrogenesis leading to further health problems. One of the best ways to evaluate the health status of older adults is through functional assessment which provides objective data that may indicate future decline or improvement in health status, allowing the nurse to plan and intervene appropriately.

BEST TOOL: The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, commonly referred to as the Katz ADL, is the most appropriate instrument to assess functional status as a measurement of the client’s ability to perform activities of daily living independently. Clinicians typically use the tool to detect problems in performing activities of daily living and to plan care accordingly. The Index ranks adequacy of performance in the six functions of bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding. Clients are scored yes/no for independence in each of the six functions. A score of 6 indicates full function, 4 indicates moderate impairment, and 2 or less indicates severe functional impairment.

TARGET POPULATION: The instrument is most effectively used among older adults in a variety of care settings, when baseline measurements, taken when the client is well, are compared to periodic or subsequent measures.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY: In the forty-eight years since the instrument has been developed, it has been modiied and simpliied and different approaches to scoring have been used. However, it has consistently demonstrated its utility in evaluating functional status in the elderly population. Although no formal reliability and validity reports could be found in the literature, the tool is used extensively as a lag signaling functional capabilities of older adults in clinical and home environments.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The Katz ADL Index assesses basic activities of daily living. It does not assess more advanced activities of daily living. Katz developed another scale for instrumental activities of daily living such as heavy housework, shopping, managing inances and telephoning. Although the Katz ADL Index is sensitive to changes in declining health status, it is limited in its ability to measure small increments of change seen in the rehabilitation of older adults. A full comprehensive geriatric assessment should follow when appropriate. The Katz ADL Index is very useful in creating a common language about patient function for all practitioners involved in overall care planning and discharge planning.

MORE ON THE TOPIC:

Best practice information on care of older adults: www.ConsultGeriRN.org.

Graf, C. (2006). Functional decline in hospitalized older adults. AJN, 106(1), 58-67.

Hartigan, I. (2007). A comparative review of the Katz ADL and the Barthel Index in assessing the activities of daily living of older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 2(3), 204-212.

Katz, S. (1983). Assessing self-maintenance: Activities of daily living, mobility and instrumental activities of daily living. JAGS, 31(12), 721- 726.

Katz, S., Down, T.D., Cash, H.R., & Grotz, R.C. (1970) Progress in the development of the index of ADL. The Gerontologist, 10(1), 20-30. Katz, S., Ford, A.B., Moskowitz, R.W., Jackson, B.A., & Jaffe, M.W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL: A standardized

measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185(12), 914-919.

Kresevic, D.M. (2012). Assessment of physical function. In M. Boltz, E. Capezuti, T.T. Fulmer, & D. Zwicker (Eds.), A. O’Meara (Managing Ed.), Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice (4th ed., pp 89-103). NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

Permission is hereby granted to reproduce, post, download, and/or distribute, this material in its entirety only for not-for-proit educational purposes only, provided that

The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University, College of Nursing is cited as the source. This material may be downloaded and/or distributed in electronic format,

including PDA format. Available on the internet at www.hartfordign.org and/or www.ConsultGeriRN.org. E-mail notiication of usage to: hartford.ign@nyu.edu.

Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living

ACTIVITIES

INDEPENDENCE:

DEPENDENCE:

POINTS (1 OR 0)

(1 POINT)

(0 POINTS)

 

NO supervision, direction or personal

WITH supervision, direction, personal

 

asS IS TA nce

assistance or total care

 

 

 

BATHING

(1 POINT) Bathes self completely or needs

(0 POINTS) Needs help with bathing more

 

help in bathing only a single part of the

than one part of the body, getting in or

 

body such as the back, genital area or

out of the tub or shower. Requires total

POINTS:___________

disabled extremity.

bathing.

 

 

 

DRESSING

(1 POINT) Gets clothes from closets and

(0 POINTS) Needs help with dressing self

 

drawers and puts on clothes and outer

or needs to be completely dressed.

 

garments complete with fasteners. May

 

POINTS:___________

have help tying shoes.

 

 

 

 

TOILETING

(1 POINT) Goes to toilet, gets on and

(0 POINTS) Needs help transferring to

 

off, arranges clothes, cleans genital area

the toilet, cleaning self or uses bedpan or

 

without help.

commode.

POINTS:___________

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSFERRING

(1 POINT) Moves in and out of bed or chair

(0 POINTS) Needs help in moving from

 

unassisted. Mechanical transferring aides

bed to chair or requires a complete

 

are acceptable.

transfer.

POINTS:___________

 

 

 

 

 

CONTINENCE

(1 POINT) Exercises complete self control

(0 POINTS) Is partially or totally

 

over urination and defecation.

incontinent of bowel or bladder.

POINTS:___________

 

 

 

 

 

FEEDING

(1 POINT) Gets food from plate into

(0 POINTS) Needs partial or total help

 

mouth without help. Preparation of food

with feeding or requires parenteral feeding.

 

may be done by another person.

 

POINTS:___________

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL POINTS = ______ 6 = High (patient independent) 0 = Low (patient very dependent)

 

 

 

Slightly adapted from Katz, S., Down, T.D., Cash, H.R., & Grotz, R.C. (1970) Progress in the development of the index of ADL.

The Gerontologist, 10(1), 20-30.

Copyright © The Gerontological Society of America. Reproduced [Adapted] by permission of the publisher.

general assessment series

Best Practices in Nursing Care to Older Adults

A series provided by The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University, College of Nursing

EMAIL hartford.ign@nyu.edu HARTFORD INSTITUTE WEBSITE www.hartfordign.org CLINICAL NURSING WEBSITE www.ConsultGeriRN.org