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ATF Form 4473 is a legally required document in the United States for the sale or transfer of firearms from a Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer to an unlicensed individual. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) mandates that this form be completed in detail before transferring any firearm. The form includes sections for personal identification, firearm details, and questions intended to determine the purchaser’s eligibility under federal law to own a firearm.
The primary purpose of ATF Form 4473 is to prevent the illegal sale and distribution of firearms by ensuring that each transaction is recorded and that the buyer is legally permitted to own a firearm. It includes a background check component, where the dealer uses the information provided to run the buyer through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). This check aims to identify any criminal history or other legal disqualifications that would prohibit the firearm sale.
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What it is: ATF Form 4473 is the Firearms Transaction Record of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
Who signs: The transferee/buyer must personally complete Section B of this form and certify (sign and date) that the answers are true, correct, and complete. The individual transferring the firearm(s) must complete questions 34-36.
Where and when to file: Prepare in original only at the licensed premises (including business temporarily conducted from a qualifying gun show or event in the same State in which the premises is located) unless the transaction qualifies under 18 U.S.C. § 922(c). Read the Notices, Instructions, and Definitions on this form. All entries must be handwritten in ink unless completed under ATF Rul. 2016-2. PLEASE PRINT. A NICS check is only valid for 30 calendar days from the date recorded in question 27.a.
The information and certification on this form are designed so that a person licensed under 18 U.S.C. § 923 may determine if he/she may lawfully sell or deliver a firearm to the person identified in Section B, and to alert the transferee/buyer of certain restrictions on the receipt and possession of firearms.
The transferee/buyer must provide a valid government-issued photo identification document to the transferor/seller that contains the transferee's/buyer's name, residence address, and date of birth.
Social Security cards are not acceptable because no address, date of birth, or photograph is shown on the cards.


Check/List more than one Country of Citizenship, if applicable: United States of America (U.S.A.) or Other Country/Countries (Specify). Nationals of the United States may check U.S.A.
If you are an alien, record your U.S.-issued alien or admission number (AR#, USCIS#, or I94#).
If you are a U.S. citizen or U.S. national, the response to this question should be left blank.

Answer the following questions by checking or marking either the “yes” or “no” box to the right of the questions: a. Are you the actual transferee/buyer of all of the firearm(s) listed on this form and any continuation sheet(s) (ATF Form 5300.9A)? Warning: You are not the actual transferee/buyer if you are acquiring any of the firearm(s) on behalf of another person. If you are not the actual transferee/buyer, the licensee cannot transfer any of the firearm(s) to you. Exception: If you are only picking up a repaired firearm(s) for another person, you are not required to answer 21.a. and may proceed to question 21.b.
A person who answers “yes” to any of the questions 21.b. through 21.l. as well as 21.n. is prohibited from receiving, possessing, or purchasing a firearm.
b. Do you intend to sell or otherwise dispose of any firearm listed on this form and any continuation sheet(s) in furtherance of any felony or other offense punishable by imprisonment for a term of more than one year, a Federal crime of terrorism, or a drug trafficking offense?
c. Are you under indictment or information in any court for a felony, or any other crime for which the judge could imprison you for more than one year, or are you a current member of the military who has been charged with violation(s) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and whose charge(s) have been referred to a general court-martial?
d. Have you ever been convicted in any court, including a military court, of a felony, or any other crime for which the judge could have imprisoned you for more than one year, even if you received a shorter sentence including probation?
e. Are you a fugitive from justice?

f. Are you an unlawful user of, or addicted to, marijuana or any depressant, stimulant, narcotic drug, or any other controlled substance?
g. Have you ever been adjudicated as a mental defective OR have you ever been committed to a mental institution?
h. Have you ever been discharged from the Armed Forces under dishonorable conditions?
i. Are you subject to a court order, including a Military Protection Order issued by a military judge or magistrate, restraining you from harassing, stalking, or threatening your child or an intimate partner or child of such partner?
j. Have you ever been convicted in any court of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence, or are you or have you ever been a member of the military and been convicted of a crime that included, as an element, the use of force against a person as identified in the instructions?
k. Have you ever renounced your United States citizenship?
l. Are you an alien illegally or unlawfully in the United States?
n. Do you intend to sell or dispose of any firearm(s) listed on this form or any continuation sheet(s) to any person described in questions 21(b)-(l) or to a person described in question 21.m.1 who does not fall within a nonimmigrant alien exception?

A person who answers “yes” to question 21.m.1. is prohibited from receiving or possessing a firearm, unless the person answers “yes” to question 21.m.2. and provides the documentation required in 26.d.
21.m.1. Are you an alien who has been admitted to the United States under a nonimmigrant visa? 21.m.2. If you answered “Yes” to question 21.m.1, do you fall within any of the exceptions stated in the instructions?
If you are a U.S. citizen/national, it is appropriate to answer “No” to question 21.m.1. and to leave question 21.m.2. blank.
If the transfer of the firearm(s) takes place on a different day from the date that the transferee/buyer signed Section B, the transferee/buyer must complete Section D immediately prior to the transfer of the firearm(s).
Sign the recertification “I certify that all of my responses in Section B of this form are still true, correct, and complete.”
If more than three firearms are involved in a transaction, please provide the information required by Section A, Questions 1-5, on ATF Form 5300.9A, Firearms Transaction Record Continuation Sheet.
The completed Form 5300.9A must be attached to this ATF Form 4473.
If the transferee/buyer answered “yes” to 21.m.2., record the type of documentation showing the exception to the prohibition and attach a copy to this ATF Form 4473.
If NICS provides a “denied” or “cancelled” (and does not immediately provide a new transaction number) response, the transferor/seller is prohibited from transferring the firearm to the transferee/buyer.
Making any false oral or written statement, or exhibiting any false or misrepresented identification with respect to this transaction, is a crime punishable as a felony under Federal law, and may also violate State and/or local law.
A NICS check is only valid for 30 calendar days from the date recorded in question 27.a.
[1] ATF Form 4473 (5300.9), Firearms Transaction Record (Revised August 2023), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (the Official source link on this page).